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Criticism of Microsoft has followed various aspects of its products and business practices. Issues with ease of use , robustness , and security of the company's software are common targets for critics. In the s, a number of malware mishaps targeted security flaws in Windows and other products. Microsoft was also accused of locking vendors and consumers in to their products, and of not following or complying with existing standards in its software. The company has been the subject of numerous lawsuits , brought by several governments and by other companies, for unlawful monopolistic practices.
Commission case, and it received an million euro fine. On September 14, , Microsoft's flagship store was shut down by protestors as part of a direct action organized by Close the Camps NYC. From its inception, Microsoft defined itself as a platform company and understood the importance of attracting third-party programmers. It did so by providing development tools, training, access to proprietary APIs in early versions, and partner programs.
Although the resulting ubiquity of Microsoft software allows a user to benefit from network effects , critics and even Microsoft itself decry what they consider to be an " embrace, extend and extinguish " strategy of adding proprietary features to open standards or their software implementations, thereby using its market dominance to gain unofficial ownership of standards "extended" in this way.
Microsoft software is also presented as a "safe" choice for IT managers purchasing software systems. The Windows API is so broad, so deep, and so functional that most independent software vendors would be crazy not to use it. And it is so deeply embedded in the source code of many Windows apps that there is a huge switching cost to using a different operating system instead It is this switching cost that has given the customers the patience to stick with Windows through all our mistakes, our buggy drivers, our high TCO total cost of ownership , our lack of a sexy vision at times, and many other difficulties [ In short, without this exclusive franchise called the Windows API, we would have been dead a long time ago.
Concerns were raised that this requirement would hinder the use of alternate operating systems such as Linux. In a post discussing secure boot on the Building Windows 8 blog, Microsoft developer Tony Mangefeste indicated that vendors would provide means to customize secure boot, stating that "At the end of the day, the customer is in control of their PC.
Microsoft's philosophy is to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves.
Gates' letter provoked many responses, with some hobbyists objecting to the broad accusation, and others supporting the principle of compensation.
The Halloween documents , internal Microsoft memos which were leaked to the open source community beginning in , indicate that some Microsoft employees perceive "open source" software — in particular, Linux — as a growing long-term threat to Microsoft's position in the software industry. Another concern of critics is that Microsoft may be using the distribution of shared source software to harvest names of developers who have been exposed to Microsoft code, as some believe that these developers could someday be the target of lawsuits if they were ever to participate in the development of competing products.
This issue is addressed in published papers from several organizations including the American Bar Association and the Open Source Initiative. Starting in the s, Microsoft was accused of maintaining "hidden" or "secret" APIs: interfaces to its operating system software that it deliberately keeps undocumented to gain a competitive advantage in its application software products.
On October 10, , Microsoft joined the Open Invention Network community despite holding more than 60, patents. On July 6, , Microsoft announced that it was placing their ECMA and ECMA specifications under their Community Promise pledging that they would not assert their patents against anyone implementing, distributing, or using alternative implementations of.
NET stack not submitted to the ECMA for standardization has been the source of patent violation concerns for much of the life of the project. The concerns primarily relate to technologies developed by Microsoft on top of the. NET and Windows Forms see non-standardized namespaces , i. These technologies are today [ when? In June the Ubuntu Technical Board stated that it saw "no reason to exclude Mono or applications based upon it from the archive, or from the default installation set.
Fedora Project Leader Paul Frields has stated, "We do have some serious concerns about Mono and we'll continue to look at it with our legal counsel to see what if any steps are needed on our part", yet "We haven't come to a legal conclusion that is pat enough for us to make the decision to take mono out".
In November at an Ubuntu Developer Summit , developers voted to have the Mono-based Banshee media player removed from Ubuntu's default installation beginning on Ubuntu Mono developer Joseph Michael Shields defended the performance of Banshee on ARM, and also the claims that Banshee was not well-maintained as being a "directed personal insult" to one of its major contributors.
Microsoft ignored unauthorized copying of its own software for their benefit on the long term. While talking about users in China who don't pay for the software they use in , to an audience at the University of Washington, Bill Gates said "And as long as they're going to steal it, we want them to steal ours.
They'll get sort of addicted, and then we'll somehow figure out how to collect sometime in the next decade. The practice allowed Microsoft to gain some dominance over the Chinese market and only then taking measures against unauthorized copies. In , by means of the Windows update mechanism, a verification program called " Windows Genuine Advantage " WGA was downloaded and installed. This behavior angered users and generated complaints in China with a lawyer stating that "Microsoft uses its monopoly to bundle its updates with the validation programs and forces its users to verify the genuineness of their software".
A common complaint [50] comes from those who want to purchase a computer that usually comes preinstalled with Windows without a copy of Windows pre-installed and without paying extra for the license either so that another operating system can be used or because a license was already acquired elsewhere, such as through the MSDN Academic Alliance program.
While it is possible to obtain a computer with no or free operating systems, [56] virtually all large computer vendors continue to bundle Microsoft Windows with the majority of the personal computers in their ranges. The claimed increase in the price of a computer resulting from the inclusion of a Windows license has been called the "Windows tax" or "Microsoft tax" by opposing computer users. In , all major OEMs agreed to this restriction.
Microsoft does not provide refunds for Windows licenses sold through an OEM, including licenses that come with the purchase of a computer or are pre-installed on a computer. According to Microsoft's End User License Agreement for Windows 7 the ability to receive a refund for the operating system is determined by the hardware manufacturer: [61].
By using the software, you accept these terms. If you do not accept them, do not use the software. Instead, contact the manufacturer or installer to determine its return policy. You must comply with that policy, which might limit your rights or require you to return the entire system on which the software is installed. Acer Inc. Instead, contact the manufacturer or installer to determine their return policy for a refund or credit.
Based on the updated language, vendors refused to issue partial refunds for Windows licenses, requiring that the computer be returned altogether. In some countries, this practice has been ruled a violation of consumer protection law. Microsoft's market dominance and business practices have attracted widespread resentment, which is not necessarily restricted to the company's competitors.
In a publication, Dan Geer argued the prevalence of Microsoft products has resulted in a monoculture which is dangerously easy for viruses to exploit. Microsoft has been criticized for the use of permatemp employees employees employed for years as "temporary," and therefore without medical benefits , use of forced retention tactics, where departing employees would be sued to prevent departure, as well as more traditional cost-saving measures, ranging from cutting medical benefits to not providing towels in company locker rooms.
Historically, Microsoft has also been accused of overworking employees, in many cases, leading to burnout within just a few years of joining the company. The company is often referred to as a "Velvet Sweatshop", a term which originated in a Seattle Times article, [71] and later became used to describe the company by some of Microsoft's own employees.
For example, the kitchenettes have free beverages and many buildings include exercise rooms and showers. However, the company has been accused of attempting to keep employees at the company for unreasonably long hours and working them too much.
A US state lawsuit was brought against Microsoft in representing 8, current and former employees that had been classified as "temporary" and "freelance", and became known as Vizcaino v. The Final Settlement [73] came in The case was decided on the IRS-defined basis that such "permatemps" had their jobs defined by Microsoft, worked alongside regular employees doing the same work, and worked for long terms.
A side effect of the "permatemp" lawsuit is that now contract employees are prevented from participating in team morale events and other activities that could be construed as making them "employees". They are also limited to month contracts and must leave after that time for 6 months before returning under contract.
Microsoft is the largest American corporate user of H-1B guest worker visas and has joined other large technology companies like Google in recently lobbying for looser H-1B visa restrictions. Jesse Jackson believes Microsoft should hire more minorities and women. Jackson has urged other companies to diversify their workforce. He believes that Microsoft made some progress when it appointed two women to its board of directors in During the antitrust case United States v.
Microsoft , ATL sent a poll to 19 state attorneys general purporting to show that "the public believes state AGs should devote their energy to causes other than Microsoft".
In June , the AdTI published a report, quickly pulled under the argument that it was a draft version, which contained criticism of the copyleft model and the GNU General Public License. A May press release for the report stated that it would contain arguments suggesting that governments could be threatened by hackers and terrorists who could study potential vulnerabilities due to source availability if it used open source software.
However, the draft contained no references to these topics. The advert featured a newborn baby being launched out of its mother—aging as it flies through the air, and crashing into a gravestone. It contained the tagline "Life is short, play more. The comparison included the cost of hardware, and put Linux at a disadvantage by installing it on more expensive but poorer-performing hardware compared to that used for Windows.
Microsoft spokesperson Catherine Brooker expressed the belief that the article had been "heavily written" by IBM employees who supported the rival OpenDocument format, though she provided no specific evidence. Internet entrepreneur and Wikimedia Foundation founder Jimmy Wales described Microsoft's offer as unethical.
In , it was found that a photo on the Polish version of Microsoft's business productivity website—which depicted three people of various races during an office meeting—had been edited to replace the head of an African-American man with that of a Caucasian , whilst also failing to edit the person's hand to match the different skin color.
Microsoft apologized and quickly removed the image. In , Moneylife. Sapkale was accused of breaking his own site's privacy policy by posting the IP and email addresses of the commenters, while the commenting duo's failure to declare any interest looked, at best, like astroturfing.
In details on a partnership between Machinima. This is due to the company being tax resident in Bermuda as mentioned in the accounts for 'Microsoft Round Island One', a subsidiary that collects licence fees from the use of Microsoft software worldwide. Dame Margaret Hodge , a Labour MP in the UK said, "It is unsurprising — yet still shocking — that massively wealthy global corporations openly, unashamedly and blatantly refuse to pay tax on the profits they make in the countries where they undertake business".
John C. Dvorak said that in the s, Microsoft classified journalists as "Okay", "Sketchy", or "Needs work" and targeted "Needs work" journalists in an attempt to have them terminated. Dvorak said that he was denied information about Windows because he was on a blacklist. Microsoft along with Google, Yahoo , Cisco , AOL , Skype , and other companies has cooperated with the Chinese government in implementing a system of Internet censorship. On June 4, , the 32nd anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre , searches for the Tank Man image and videos were censored by Microsoft Bing search engine worldwide.
Hours after Microsoft acknowledged the issue, the search returned only pictures of tanks elsewhere in the world. Search engines that license results from Microsoft such as DuckDuckGo and Yahoo faced similar issues. Microsoft said the issue was "due to an accidental human error. The director of Human Rights Watch , Kenneth Roth , said he found the idea it was an inadvertent error "hard to believe".
David Greene, Civil Liberties Director at Electronic Frontier Foundation , said that content moderation was impossible to do perfectly and "egregious mistakes are made all the time", but he further elaborated that "At worst, this was purposeful suppression at the request of a powerful state.
Microsoft was the first company to participate in the PRISM surveillance program , according to leaked NSA documents obtained by The Guardian [] and The Washington Post [] in June , and acknowledged by government officials following the leak.
Microsoft has denied [] participation in such a program. In a statement, Microsoft said that they "provide customer data only in response to legal processes.
- Microsoft office 2016 professional plus voor 5 computers free
PowerPoint became a component of the Microsoft Office suite, first offered in for Macintosh [10] and in for Windows , [11] which bundled several Microsoft apps. Beginning with PowerPoint 4. PowerPoint's market share was very small at first, prior to introducing a version for Microsoft Windows, but grew rapidly with the growth of Windows and of Office.
PowerPoint was originally designed to provide visuals for group presentations within business organizations, but has come to be very widely used in many other communication situations, both in business and beyond. The first PowerPoint version Macintosh was used to produce overhead transparencies, [20] the second Macintosh , Windows could also produce color 35 mm slides.
Development from that spec was begun by Austin in November , for Macintosh first. Throughout this development period, the product was called "Presenter. Gaskins says that he thought of "PowerPoint", based on the product's goal of "empowering" individual presenters, and sent that name to the lawyers for clearance, while all the documentation was hastily revised. Funding to complete development of PowerPoint was assured in mid-January, , when a new Apple Computer venture capital fund, called Apple's Strategic Investment Group, [34] selected PowerPoint to be its first investment.
PowerPoint 1. By early , Microsoft was starting to plan a new application to create presentations, an activity led by Jeff Raikes , who was head of marketing for the Applications Division. Raikes later recounted his reaction to seeing PowerPoint and his report about it to Bill Gates , who was initially skeptical: [37].
I thought, "software to do overheads—that's a great idea. I said, "Bill, I think we really ought to do this;" and Bill said, "No, no, no, no, no, that's just a feature of Microsoft Word, just put it into Word. And I kept saying, "Bill, no, it's not just a feature of Microsoft Word, it's a whole genre of how people do these presentations. When PowerPoint was released by Forethought, its initial press was favorable; the Wall Street Journal reported on early reactions: " 'I see about one product a year I get this excited about,' says Amy Wohl, a consultant in Bala Cynwyd, Pa.
On April 28, , a week after shipment, a group of Microsoft's senior executives spent another day at Forethought to hear about initial PowerPoint sales on Macintosh and plans for Windows.
The New York Times reported: [43]. Forethought makes a program called PowerPoint that allows users of Apple Macintosh computers to make overhead transparencies or flip charts. Forethought would remain in Sunnyvale, giving Microsoft a Silicon Valley presence. The unit will be headed by Robert Gaskins, Forethought's vice president of product development.
Microsoft's president Jon Shirley offered Microsoft's motivation for the acquisition: " 'We made this deal primarily because of our belief in desktop presentations as a product category. Forethought was first to market with a product in this category.
Microsoft set up within its Applications Division an independent "Graphics Business Unit" to develop and market PowerPoint, the first Microsoft application group distant from the main Redmond location. A new PowerPoint 2. PowerPoint 3.
This was at first an alternative to overhead transparencies and 35 mm slides, but over time would come to replace them. PowerPoint had been included in Microsoft Office from the beginning. PowerPoint 2. A plan to integrate the applications themselves more tightly had been indicated as early as February , toward the end of PowerPoint 3.
Another important question is what portion of our applications sales over time will be a set of applications versus a single product. Please assume that we stay ahead in integrating our family together in evaluating our future strategies—the product teams WILL deliver on this.
The move from bundling separate products to integrated development began with PowerPoint 4. When it was released, the computer press reported on the change approvingly: "PowerPoint 4. The integration is so good, you'll have to look twice to make sure you're running PowerPoint and not Word or Excel. Although PowerPoint by this point had become part of the integrated Microsoft Office product, its development remained in Silicon Valley. Succeeding versions of PowerPoint introduced important changes, particularly version Since then major development of PowerPoint as part of Office has continued.
New development techniques shared across Office for PowerPoint have made it possible to ship versions of PowerPoint for Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, and web access nearly simultaneously, [ citation needed ] and to release new features on an almost monthly schedule.
In , Jeff Raikes, who had most recently been President of the Business Division of Microsoft including responsibility for Office , [63] observed: "of course, today we know that PowerPoint is oftentimes the number two—or in some cases even the number one—most-used tool" among the applications in Office.
PowerPoint's initial sales were about 40, copies sold in nine months , about 85, copies in , and about , copies in , all for Macintosh. Jeff Raikes, who had bought PowerPoint for Microsoft, later recalled: "By , it looked like it wasn't a very smart idea [for Microsoft to have acquired PowerPoint], because not very many people were using PowerPoint.
This began to change when the first version for Windows, PowerPoint 2. Sales of PowerPoint 3. By PowerPoint sales had doubled again, to more than 4 million copies annually, representing 85 percent of the world market. Since the late s, PowerPoint's market share of total world presentation software has been estimated at 95 percent by both industry and academic sources. The earliest version of PowerPoint for Macintosh could be used to print black and white pages to be photocopied onto sheets of transparent film for projection from overhead projectors , and to print speaker's notes and audience handouts; the next version for Macintosh, for Windows was extended to also produce color 35mm slides by communicating a file over a modem to a Genigraphics imaging center with slides returned by overnight delivery for projection from slide projectors.
PowerPoint was used for planning and preparing a presentation, but not for delivering it apart from previewing it on a computer screen, or distributing printed paper copies. Robert Gaskins, one of the creators of PowerPoint, says he publicly demonstrated that use for the first time at a large Microsoft meeting held in Paris on February 25, , by using an unreleased development build of PowerPoint 3.
By about , ten years later, digital projection had become the dominant mode of use, replacing transparencies and 35mm slides and their projectors. Although the PowerPoint software had been used to generate transparencies for over a decade, this usage was not typically encompassed by a common understanding of the term. In contemporary operation, PowerPoint is used to create a file called a "presentation" or "deck" containing a sequence of pages called "slides" in the app which usually have a consistent style from template masters , and which may contain information imported from other apps or created in PowerPoint, including text, bullet lists, tables, charts, drawn shapes, images, audio clips, video clips, animations of elements, and animated transitions between slides, plus attached notes for each slide.
After such a file is created, typical operation is to present it as a slide show using a portable computer, where the presentation file is stored on the computer or available from a network, and the computer's screen shows a "presenter view" with current slide, next slide, speaker's notes for the current slide, and other information. A smartphone remote control built in to PowerPoint for iOS optionally controlled from Apple Watch [82] and for Android [83] allows the presenter to control the show from elsewhere in the room.
In addition to a computer slide show projected to a live audience by a speaker, PowerPoint can be used to deliver a presentation in a number of other ways:. The standard form of such presentations involves a single person standing before a group of people, talking and using the PowerPoint slideshow to project visual aids onto a screen.
In practice, however, presentations are not always delivered in this mode. In our studies, we often found that the presenter sat at a table with a small group of people and walked them through a "deck", composed of paper copies of the slides.
In some cases, decks were simply distributed to individuals, without even a walk-through or discussion. Other variations in the form included sending the PowerPoint file electronically to another site and talking through the slides over an audio or video channel e.
Another common variation was placing a PowerPoint file on a web site for people to view at different times. They found that some of these ways of using PowerPoint could influence the content of presentations, for example when "the slides themselves have to carry more of the substance of the presentation, and thus need considerably more content than they would have if they were intended for projection by a speaker who would orally provide additional details and nuance about content and context.
PowerPoint Mobile is included with Windows Mobile 5. It is a presentation program capable of reading and editing Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, although authoring abilities are limited to adding notes, editing text, and rearranging slides. It can't create new presentations.
In this version of PowerPoint users can create and edit new presentations, present, and share their PowerPoint documents. PowerPoint for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft PowerPoint available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word. PowerPoint for the web does not support inserting or editing charts, equations, or audio or video stored on your PC, but they are all displayed in the presentation if they were added in using a desktop app.
Some elements, like WordArt effects or more advanced animations and transitions, are not displayed at all, although they are preserved in the document.
PowerPoint for the web also lacks the Outline, Master, Slide Sorter, and Presenter views present in the desktop app, as well as having limited printing options. PowerPoint was originally targeted just for business presentations.
Robert Gaskins, who was responsible for its design, has written about his intended customers: " I did not target other existing large groups of users of presentations, such as school teachers or military officers. I also did not plan to target people who were not existing users of presentations Our focus was purely on business users, in small and large companies, from one person to the largest multinationals.
PowerPoint use in business grew over its first five years to sales of about 1 million copies annually, for worldwide market share of 63 percent. Not everyone immediately approved of the greater use of PowerPoint for presentations, even in business. At the same time that PowerPoint was becoming dominant in business settings, it was also being adopted for uses beyond business: "Personal computing The result has been the rise of presentation culture.
In an information society, nearly everyone presents. In , at about the same time that Gold was pronouncing PowerPoint's ubiquity in business, the influential Bell Labs engineer Robert W. Lucky could already write about broader uses: []. A new language is in the air, and it is codified in PowerPoint.
In a family discussion about what to do on a given evening, for example, I feel like pulling out my laptop and giving a Vugraph presentation In church, I am surprised that the preachers haven't caught on yet. How have we gotten on so long without PowerPoint? Over a decade or so, beginning in the mid s, PowerPoint began to be used in many communication situations, well beyond its original business presentation uses, to include teaching in schools [] and in universities, [] lecturing in scientific meetings [] and preparing their related poster sessions [] , worshipping in churches, [] making legal arguments in courtrooms, [] displaying supertitles in theaters, [] driving helmet-mounted displays in spacesuits for NASA astronauts, [] giving military briefings, [] issuing governmental reports, [] undertaking diplomatic negotiations, [] [] writing novels, [] giving architectural demonstrations, [] prototyping website designs, [] creating animated video games, [] creating art projects, [] and even as a substitute for writing engineering technical reports, [] and as an organizing tool for writing general business documents.
By , it seemed that PowerPoint was being used everywhere. Julia Keller reported for the Chicago Tribune : []. In less than a decade, it has revolutionized the worlds of business, education, science, and communications, swiftly becoming the standard for just about anybody who wants to explain just about anything to just about anybody else. From corporate middle managers reporting on production goals to 4th-graders fashioning a show-and-tell on the French and Indian War to church pastors explicating the seven deadly sins PowerPoint seems poised for world domination.
As uses broadened, cultural awareness of PowerPoint grew and commentary about it began to appear. Out of all the analyses of PowerPoint over a quarter of a century, at least three general themes emerged as categories of reaction to its broader use: 1 "Use it less": avoid PowerPoint in favor of alternatives, such as using more-complex graphics and written prose, or using nothing; [17] 2 "Use it differently": make a major change to a PowerPoint style that is simpler and pictorial, turning the presentation toward a performance, more like a Steve Jobs keynote; [18] and 3 "Use it better": retain much of the conventional PowerPoint style but learn to avoid making many kinds of mistakes that can interfere with communication.
An early reaction was that the broader use of PowerPoint was a mistake, and should be reversed. An influential example of this came from Edward Tufte , an authority on information design, who has been a professor of political science, statistics, and computer science at Princeton and Yale, but is best known for his self-published books on data visualization, which have sold nearly 2 million copies as of In , he published a widely-read booklet titled The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint, revised in PowerPoint's convenience for some presenters is costly to the content and the audience.
These costs arise from the cognitive style characteristics of the standard default PP presentation: foreshortening of evidence and thought, low spatial resolution, an intensely hierarchical single-path structure as the model for organizing every type of content, breaking up narratives and data into slides and minimal fragments, rapid temporal sequencing of thin information rather than focused spatial analysis, conspicuous chartjunk and PP Phluff, branding of slides with logotypes, a preoccupation with format not content, incompetent designs for data graphics and tables, and a smirky commercialism that turns information into a sales pitch and presenters into marketeers [italics in original].
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